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Floating Production Storage and Offloading
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Terra Nova FPSOA Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO; also called a "unit" and a "system") is a type of floating tank system used by the offshore oil and gas industry and designed to take all of the oil or gas produced from a nearby platform (s), process it, and store it until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto waiting tankers, or sent through a pipeline.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Working principles
3 Advantages
4 Specific types
5 Vessels
5.1 Records
5.2 Current FPSOs
5.3 Builders
6 References
7 External links
[edit] History
Oil has been produced from offshore locations since the 1950s. Originally, all oil platforms sat on the seabed, but as exploration moved to deeper waters and more distant locations in the 1970s, floating production systems came to be used.
The first oil FPSO was the Shell Castellon, built in Spain in 1977. The first ever conversion of a LNG carrier (Golar LNG owned Moss type LNG carrier) into an LNG floating storage and regasification unit was carried out in 2007 by Keppel shipyard in Singapore.[1]
The last few years concepts for LNG FPSOs has also been launched. An LNG FPSO works under the same principles as an Oil FPSO, but it only produces natural gas, condensate and/or LPG, which is stored and offloaded.
[edit] Working principles
Oil produced from offshore production platforms can be transported to the mainland either by pipeline or by tanker. When a tanker solution is chosen, it is necessary to accumulate oil in some form of tank such that an oil tanker is not continuously occupied while sufficient oil is produced to fill the tanker.
Often the solution is a decommissioned oil tanker which has been stripped down and equipped with facilities to be connected to a mooring buoy. Oil is accumulated in the FPSO until there is sufficient amount to fill a transport tanker, at which point the transport tanker connects to the stern of the floating storage unit and offloads the oil.
An FPSO has the capability to carry out some form of oil separation process obviating the need for such facilities to be located on an oil platform. Partial separation may still be done on the oil platform to increase the oil capacity of the pipeline(s) to the FPSO.
FPSO diagram
[edit] Advantages
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels are particularly effective in remote or deepwater locations where seabed pipelines are not cost effective. FPSOs eliminate the need to lay expensive long-distance pipelines from the oil well to an onshore terminal. They can also be used economically in smaller oil fields which can be exhausted in a few years and do not justify the expense of installing a fixed oil platform. Once the field is depleted, the FPSO can be moved to a new location.
[edit] Specific types
A Floating Storage and Offloading unit (FSO) is a floating storage device, which is simplified FPSO without the possibility for oil or gas processing. Most FSOs are old single hull supertankers that have been converted. An example of this is the Knock Nevis, the world's largest ship, which has been converted to an FSO to be used offshore Qatar.
A LNG floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) is a floating storage and regasification system, which receives liquefied natural gas (LNG) from offloading LNG carriers, and the onboard regasification system provides natural gas send-out through flexible risers and pipeline to shore.
[edit] Vessels
[edit] Records
FPSO Firenze at Hellenic Shipyards, 2007The world's largest FPSO is the Kizomba A, with a storage capacity of 2.2 million barrels (350,000 m3). Built at a cost of over US$800 million by Hyundai Heavy Industries in Ulsan, Korea, it is operated by Esso Exploration Angola (ExxonMobil). Located in 1200 meters (3,940 ft) of water at Deepwater block 200 statute miles (320 km) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean from Angola, West Africa, it weighs 81,000 tonnes and is 285 meters long, 63 meters wide, and 32 meters high (935 ft by 207 ft (63 m) by 105 ft).[2]
[edit] Current FPSOs
FPSO Vessel Name Oilfield Location Operator ISC Entered service Owner
Abo FPSO Abo Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria Agip Prosafe
Agbami FPSO Nigeria Star Deep Water Petroleum Chevron
Anasuria FPSO Teal, Teal South, Guillemot A North Sea, UK Shell Sigma3
Anoa Natuna Anoa Field, Natuna Sea Indonesia STAR Energy 1990 STAR Energy,KN, Natuna Sea BV
Aoka Mizu Ettrick North Sea, UK Nexen Bluewater Group
Åsgard A Åsgard North Sea, Norway StatoilHydro
Belanak Belanak Field South Natuna Sea, Indonesia ConocoPhillips
Berge Helene Chinguetti North Atlantic Ocean, Mauretania Woodside Petroleum
Bleo Holm Ross, Blake, Parry North Sea, UK Talisman Energy Wood Group March 1999 Bluewater Group
Bonga FPSO Bonga Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria Shell
Brasil FPSO Roncador Campo Basin, Brazil Petrobras SBM Offshore
Capixaba FPSO Golfinho Esprito Santo Basin, Brazil Petrobras SBM Offshore
Captain FPSO Captain North Sea, UK Chevron
Cidade de Vitoria FPSO Golfinho II Vitoria, Brazil Petrobras 2006 Saipem
Cossack Pioneer Cossack, Wanaea Indian Ocean, Australia Woodside Petroleum
Espadarte FPSO Espadarte Campos Basin, Brazil Petrobras SBM Offshore
Espoir Ivorien Espoir Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire CNR Prosafe
Falcon FPSO Yoho Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria ExxonMobil SBM Offshore
Farwah Al-Jurf Mediterranean, Libya Total
Four Vanguard Woollybutt Indian Ocean, Australia ENI
Gimboa FPSO Gimboa South Atlantic Ocean, Angola Sonangol 2007 Saipem
Girassol FPSO Girassol South Atlantic Ocean, Angola Total
Glas Dowr Sable Indian Ocean, South Africa PetroSA 2003 Bluewater Group
Global Producer III Dumbarton North Sea, UK Maersk 2006
Greater Plutonio FPSO Block 18 South Atlantic Ocean, Angola BP
Griffin Venture FPSO Griffin, Chinook, Scindian Indian Ocean, Australia BHP Billiton
Gryphon FPSO Gryphon North Sea, UK Maersk 1993
Hæwene Brim FPSO Pierce North Sea, UK Shell 1999 Bluewater Group
Jotun A Jotun North Sea, Norway ExxonMobil Bluewater Group
Kizomba A Hungo, Chocalho South Atlantic Ocean, Angola ExxonMobil
Kizomba B Kissanje, Dikanza South Atlantic Ocean, Angola ExxonMobil
Kuito FPSO Cabinda, Angola Cabinda, Angola Chevron SBM Offshore
MacCulloch FPSO MacCulloch North Sea, UK ConocoPhillips April 1997
Maersk Curlew Curlew North Sea, UK Shell
Marlim Sul FPSO Marlim Sul Campos Basin, Brazil Petrobras SBM Offshore
Mondo FPSO Luanda, Angola Block 15, Angola ExxonMobil SBM Offshore
Munin Lufeng, Xijiang South China Sea, China CNOOC Bluewater Group
Mystras FPSO Okono, Okpoho Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria Agip Saipem
Nganhurra FPSO Enfield Indian Ocean, Australia Woodside Petroleum
Norne FPSO Norne North Sea, Norway StatoilHydro
Northern Endeavour Laminaria Timor Sea, Indonesia Woodside Petroleum
Petrojarl Banff Banff North Sea, UK CNR
Petrojarl Foinaven Foinaven North Sea, UK BP
Petrojarl I Glitne North Sea, Norway StatoilHydro
Petrojarl Varg Varg North Sea, Norway Talisman Energy
Pertroleo Nautipa FPSO Etame South Atlantic Ocean, Gabon Vaalco Energy Fred Olsen Production, Prosafe
Polvo FPSO Polvo South Atlantic Ocean, Brazil Devon Energy 2007 Prosafe
Rang Dong 1 Rang Dong South China Sea, Vietnam JVPC,Nippon Oil Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Ruby Princess FPSO Ruby South China Sea, Vietnam Petrovietnam Prosafe
Saxi-Batuque FPSO Luanda, Angola Block 15, Angola ExxonMobil SBM Offshore
Schiehallion FPSO Schiehallion North Sea, UK BP
Sea Eagle FPSO EA Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria Shell
SeaRose White Rose Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada Husky Energy 2005
Seillean FPSO Golfinho Esprito Santo Basin, Brazil Petrobras
Serpentina FPSO Zafiro Gulf of Guinea, Equatorial Guinea Exxonmobil SBM Offshore
Terra Nova Terra Nova Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada Petro-Canada 2002
Triton Bittern, Guillemot West, Guillemot Northwest North Sea, UK Amerada Hess Wood Group
Uisge Gorm FPSO Fife, Fergus, Flora, Angus North Sea, UK Amerada Hess Bluewater Group
Xikomba FPSO Luanda, Angola Block 15, Angola ExxonMobil SBM Offshore |
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