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发表于 2013-8-6 12:55
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来自: 中国上海
这个问题说实话有点大,我回答不了,只能和你分享一下我知道的。
ratification, acceptance, approval 和accession 是缔约的两种方式。国际公约的缔约方式还有signature和exchange of instruments constituting a treaty。
这些方式本身没有区别,区别在于该公约约定的是那种缔约方式。
例如海事劳工公约第八条约定缔约方式为递交正式批准文件
“The formal ratification of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.”
而SOLAS1974第9条就约定为批准,接受,认可或加入都可认为是缔约。
(a) The present Convention shall remain open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 November 1974 until 1 July 1975 and shall thereafter remain open for accession. States may become parties to the present Convention by:
(i) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or
(ii) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or
(iii) accession.
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缔约也包括完全接受和保留接受,保留那些条款,如何保留这些都要个别情况个别分析了。
此外,公约生效的条件在公约内有明确的约定,这个没有统一的解释,依公约不同而不同。
不过原则只有两种,一,满足生效条件生效,或者无生效条件缔约国接受条约约束生效。
二,临时适用,条约规定有临时适用或缔约国以其他方式协议临时适用。
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