[自动化] 船舶横倾控制系统

一． 概述Overview

现代大型船舶在航行途中，都会引起油水系统消耗，以及大型物件的装、卸载时都会引起船舶的横向倾斜，继而影响船舶的航行安全性。

During the sailing, the large ship will cause the water-oil system consuming. The loading-uploading large things will cause the ship’s abeam skew,and influence the safety of sailing.

一般大型船舶都配置有压载水舱，在船舶驶离码头时，利用压载水量来控制船舶的前后、左右平衡，以利于航行。为了使船舶在动态状况下消除横向倾斜造成的不利影响，就需要配置自动横倾控制系统，使之达到左右自动平衡的目的。

In general,the large ship has its ballast water tank,when the ship depart from port,use the ballast water to co***ol the ship’s balance. Its necessary to configurate auto-heeling co***ol system for dispelling the adverseimpact of the abeam skew. Then it can reach the purpose that the ship can keep its balance automaticly.

二． 横倾控制系统的组成及功能

         该系统有左右平衡舱、防横倾泵、进/排水遥控蝶阀、阀控箱、防横倾泵控制箱、左/右平衡舱高位报警传感器、左/右平衡舱低位报警传感器、艏/艉吃水液位测量传感器、左/右吃水液位测量传感器、继电器箱、遥控面板组成。(见图1)

         This system is composed of left-right variable tank, heeling pump, inflow/drainage remote butterfly valve, valve co***ol cabinet, heeling pump co***ol cabinet, left-right variable tank high level alarm sensor, left-right variable tank low level alarm sensor, fore/aft draft level measuring sensor, port/starboard level measuring sensor, relay cabinet, remote panel.

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   左/右平衡舱、防横倾泵、4个遥控蝶阀以及与之连通的管道组合在一起形成了压载水调驳管路。各部件功能如下：

   left-right variable tank, heeling pump,4 remote co***ol butterfly valve and the pipes which are conneted with these tank and butterfly valve, they form the ballast water co***ol pipes . Each function as follows:

l 遥控蝶阀——带手轮的电动遥控蝶阀，在失电时可在就地通过转动手轮关闭或者打开蝶阀。由于防横倾泵的进/出口是一定的，那么要实现左/右平衡舱的压载水的调驳，就需要通过4个遥控蝶阀的开/闭来控制压载水的流向，从而实现自由调驳压载水的功能。例如要把右平衡舱的压载水调驳到左平衡舱时。要关闭左平衡舱的排水阀和右平衡舱的进水阀，同时打开左平衡舱的进水阀和右平衡舱的排水阀，然后打开防横倾泵，便可实现压载水的调驳。

l Remote co***ol butterfly valve----with hand wheel, electric remote co***ol butterfly valve, we can open or close butterfly valves by turning on or turning off hand wheel in local. As the input/output of the heeling pump is unvarying, in order to achieve left-right balance tank’s ballast water co***ol, we need use four butterfly valves’ open/close to co***ol ballast water’s flow. Then we can co***ol the ballast water freely. For example , when we intend to allocate the ballast water from left balance tank to right balance tank, we can shut down the input valve of the right balance tank and shut down the output valve of the left balance tank. In the while,open input valve of left balance tank and output valve of right tank, in the end,open heeling pump,we can co***ol ballast water’s allocation.

l 阀控箱——用来控制4台蝶阀的开/关，可通过“遥控/就地”控制选择开关来选择控制权，如选择“就地”控制，就可直接通过阀控箱遥控按钮控制蝶阀的开/关；选择“遥控”，就地控制失效阀控箱接收遥控面板的信号控制蝶阀的开/关。为保证遥控电动蝶阀供电的可靠性，采用双电源供电，一路为主，一路为辅，并具有自动切换功能。

l Valve co***ol cabinet----co***ol four butterfly valve’s open/close, use remote/local co***ol switch to choose co***ol power. If choose local switch, then we can choose remote by choosing press of valve co***ol cabinet; choose remote, valve co***ol cabinet then receives signals from remote panel to co***ol butterfly’s open/close. We use two power, one way is main ,the other is assist. And it can auto-shut down.

l 防横倾泵控制箱——用来控制防横倾泵的启动/停止。也设有“遥控/就地”控制选择，选择“就地”，遥控面板信号失效只能有泵控箱直接控制泵的启/停；选择“遥控”，泵控箱直接控制失效只能有遥控面板信号控制泵的启/停。同时也具有双电源自动切换功能。

l Heeling pump co***ol cabinet----use to co***ol heeling pump’s start/stop. And have remote/local co***ol choose, if you choose local, the remote panel signal is disabled and we only can use pump co***ol cabinet to choose start/stop; choose remote, the pump co***olling cabinet directly co***ol is disabled . And it has double power auto-switch.

l 左/右平衡舱高位报警传感器——平衡舱液位高位报警时，传感器给出开关量信号，需要停泵关阀避免平衡舱过分受压。

l Left/right balance tank high alarm sensor----when the balance tank high level is alarmed. The sensor gives digital signal, it needs to stop pump to close valve to avoid the balance tank too much pressure.

l 左/右平衡舱低位报警传感器——平衡舱液位低位报警时，传感器给出开关量信号，需要停泵关阀保证横倾泵的安全使用。

l Left/right balance tank low level alarm sensor----when balance tank level low alarm, the sensor sends digital signal, its need stop pump to protect heeling pump safely.

l 艏/艉吃水液位测量传感器——该传感器实为压力传感器，通过测量安装位置的水位的压力，并将压力信号转换为4至20mA的电流信号传送给继电器箱内PLC，经PLC        计算后可单独显示船舶的艏部和艉部的绝对液位值，也可给出船舶纵倾角度。

FORE/AFTER draft level measuring sensor----this sensor is pressure sensor, we can measure the instation position’s level pressure, and convert press. signal to 4-20MA to PLC ，after PLC’s calculation ,it can display ship’s level high of fore and after draft . It can give ship’s Tilt Angle longitudinal .

l 左/右吃水液位测量传感器——该传感器也是将测得的压力转换为4至20mA的电流信号传送给继电器箱内PLC，经PLC        计算后可单独显示船舶的左舷和右舷的绝对液位值，也可给出船舶横倾倾角度。

l Left/right draft level measuring sensor----this sensor can also converse pressure signal into 4 to 20 mA electric current signal to PLC, and it can display ship’s level value of port and starboard, and also can display ship’s heeling degree.

l 继电器箱——放置可编程控制器PLC、中间继电器、端子。所有的自动控制、四角吃水信号计算、平衡舱液位高低位报警处理都在此完成。

l Relay cabinet----PLC, Middle  relays, terminals. Each auto co***ol, drafts, balance tank level high—low alarm can be processed here.

l 遥控面板——由触摸屏、按钮、指示灯、蜂鸣器组成。遥控面板可以接受继电器箱发来的信号，让用户掌握该系统的实时情况。用户可通过操纵遥控面板发出信号经继电器箱实时控制本系统。

l Remote co***ol panel---- is composed by touch screen, push and indicator. Remote co***ol panel can receive relay cabinet’s signal, communicating with user in real time. Users can co***ol remote panel to send signal to co***ol this system .

三． 工作流程

本系统利用安装于船舶的艏部、艉部、左舷、右舷的液位传感器测出所在位置的船舶吃水，并经变送器处理后以4至20mA标准模拟信号传送至继电器箱的PLC，由PLC计算后在触摸屏上显示当前船舶吃水值和纵倾及横倾角度。当纵倾或横倾角度超过了预设值便会触发声光报警。如系统设定为自动状态时，当横倾角度大于3°且小于20°时，PLC会给出打开或关闭相应的蝶阀，以及启动横倾泵，开始调驳左/右平衡舱的压载水，直至横倾角度小于3°，PLC会给出停泵和关阀的信号。平衡舱的高低位报警或横倾角度超过20°时， PLC会给出停泵和关阀的信号。（见图2；图3）

This system measures ship’s draft by sensors at the fore/after/port/starboard. And it sends 4 to 20 mA signals to PLC of the relay cabinet. After PLC’s calculation, it can display the ship’s drafts and heeling degree of the touch screen. When the heeling and trim degree above the preset values ,the light and sound alarm will be opened. For example, when the system is set at auto, the heeling degree is above 3 degree and low as 20 degree, PLC will give signal , to open or close butterfly valves, start the heeling pump, allocate ballast water of the port/starboard balance tank. When heeling degree is low as 3 degree, PLC will give stop pump and close valve signal. When the balance tank’s high/low alarm alarmed or the heeling degree is above 20 degree, PLC will give stop pump and close valve signal.

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