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[基础知识] 钻井立管和生产立管的区别

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发表于 2016-8-22 18:29 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 中国北京
各位老师,请问钻井平台能钻井也能生产。钻井的时候有井架、顶驱、动力卡瓦等进行钻进,一般还会有隔水管、张紧系统等。生产的时候,生产立管是不是有好多跟?那么每一跟是够都要配置张紧器、隔水管什么的呢?
钻井和生产这两个过程是如何衔接的呢?

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发表于 2016-8-22 19:12 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
这是两种完全不同的东西。
生产立管是柔性的

补充内容 (2016-8-23 21:10):
抱歉,以为是FPSO
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-23 12:29 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-22 19:12
这是两种完全不同的东西。
生产立管是柔性的

您好!请问,生产过程中是否需要顶部布置张紧器来张紧立管什么的?是不是生产立管好多根汇聚到一起行程管束返回到平台?谢谢!
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-23 12:30 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-22 19:12
这是两种完全不同的东西。
生产立管是柔性的

您好!请问,生产过程中是否需要顶部布置张紧器来张紧立管什么的?是不是生产立管好多根汇聚到一起行程管束返回到平台?谢谢!
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发表于 2016-8-23 13:43 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
你好,这方面资料我还没细读。
您说的应该是单点系泊方式,riser的处理方式也不一样。还有SEMISUB和SPAR的
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除此之外还有多点系泊,risr就不用受限。
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推荐给你一本书,我只读了钻井部分,还没有读生产部分。
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-23 16:45 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-23 13:43
你好,这方面资料我还没细读。
您说的应该是单点系泊方式,riser的处理方式也不一样。还有SEMISUB和SPAR的 ...

非常感谢您回复和推荐。我在看TLP平台相关的知识,请问您有关于TLP平台介绍相关推荐的资料或者书籍么?

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发表于 2016-8-23 19:56 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
thomaskuo 发表于 2016-8-23 16:45
非常感谢您回复和推荐。我在看TLP平台相关的知识,请问您有关于TLP平台介绍相关推荐的资料或者书籍么?
...

你好,不知道您想了解TLP哪方面内容,我这里水动力方面有一些,项目资料有点不过不方便往外发。其实,这个已经发展了好多年了,很多论文和书籍,近些年最热的是TLP基座的风力发电。
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发表于 2016-8-23 20:10 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
本帖最后由 offshoretech 于 2016-8-23 20:36 编辑

Tension Leg Platform (TLP)
A Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is a buoyant platform held in place by a mooring system. The TLP's are similar to conventional fixed platforms except that the platform is maintained on location through the use of moorings held in tension by the buoyancy of the hull. The mooring system is a set of tension legs or tendons attached to the platform and connected to a template or foundation on the seafloor. The template is held in place by piles driven into the seafloor. This method dampens the vertical motions of the platform, but allows for horizontal movements. The topside facilities (processing facilities, pipelines, and surface trees) of the TLP and most of the daily operations are the same as for a conventional platform.
The foundation is the link between the seafloor and the TLP. Most foundations are templates laid on the seafloor, then secured by concrete or steel piles driven into the seafloor by use of a hydraulic hammer, but other designs can be used such as a gravity foundation. The foundations are built onshore and towed to the site. As many as 16 concrete piles with dimensions of 100 ft in diameter and 400 ft long are used (one for each tendon).
The hull is a buoyant structure that supports the deck section of the platform and its drilling and production equipment. A typical hull has four air-filled columns supported by pontoons, similar to a semisubmersible drilling vessel. The deck for the surface facilities rests on the hull. The buoyancy of the hull exceeds the weight of the platform, requiring taut moorings or "tension legs" to secure the structure to the seafloor. The columns in the hull range up to 100 ft in diameter and up to 360 ft in height; the overall hull measurements will depend on the size of the columns and the size of the platform.
Modules are units that make up the surface facilities on the deck section of the platform. Early in TLP development, industry discovered that it is cost effective to build the surface facility in separate units (modules), assemble them at shallow inshore location, and then tow them to the site. The modules that are part of a typical TLP include the wellbay, power, process, quarters, and drilling; they are secured to the deck, which is attached to the hull. The typical surface facility will be 65,000 sq ft. The living quarters house up to 100 people, depending on the type and scope of activity being performed. Process capacity ranges up to 150,000 BPD oil and 400 MMscfd gas. A typical drilling rig located on a larger TLP would have a 1.5 million-pound pull derrick, a 2,000-hp top-drive derrick, and three 2,200-hp pumps.
A template provides a frame on the seafloor in which to insert either conductors or piles. Not all TLP's use templates; if used, they are typically the first equipment installed at the site. There are several types of templates that may be used in conjunction with a TLP to support drilling, foundation integrity, or the integration of the two. Drilling templates provide a guide for locating and drilling wells; they may also be a base for the tie-in of flowlines from satellite wells or for export pipelines and their risers. Foundation templates may be one single piece or separate pieces for each corner. The foundation piles are driven through the foundation template. An integrated template is a single piece that contains all drilling support, anchors the tendons, and locates and guides the foundation piles. Separate templates allow each part to be installed individually. They also use smaller pieces that weigh less and are easier to install. The drilling template can be installed and drilling can begin while the foundation template is being designed and built.
Tension Legs (tendons) are tubulars that secure the hull to the foundation; this is the mooring system for the TLP. Tendons are typically steel tubes with dimensions of 2-3 ft in diameter with up to 3 inches of wall thickness, the length depending on water depth. A typical TLP would be installed with as many as 16 tendons.
A production riser conveys produced fluids from the well to the TLP surface production facilities. An example riser system for a TLP could be either a single-bore or dual-bore (concentric pipe) arrangement. The dual-bore riser would consist of a 21-inch, low pressure (e.g., 3,000 psi) marine riser that serves as an environmental barrier, and an 11 ¾-inch inner pipe (casing) that is rated for high pressures (e.g., 10,000 psi).
Installation of a TLP is done in stages; often the design work on one section of the TLP is being done while another part is being installed. For example, the wells will often be predrilled while the TLP is being designed and constructed.
Templates provide the layout for well locations and/or for the foundation, if needed. The wells may be drilled to their total depth, or partially drilled and the conductor casing set. Additional well drilling and completion operations can be done from the TLP. Template installation for drilling and foundation templates is similar, except some of the equipment used may be different. The template is built onshore and towed to location for installation. A drilling rig (mobile offshore drilling unit [MODU]) is preferred for installation because it eliminates the need for additional vessels. However, drilling rigs cannot lift large payloads and have limited lowering capacity. Large templates may need a crane for installation; they will also require costly handling systems and rigging.
Foundations secure the TLP to the seafloor by use of buried piles, which can be concrete or steel. Tendons are attached to the foundation and the platform is attached to the tendons. The piles can either be driven or drilled and grouted. Driven piles are expensive to install, but the holding power of drilled and grouted piles may not be as strong because of changes to the sole-pile interface during the jetting and drilling operations. A typical vessel used for foundation installation would be one of the several available semisubmersible construction/crane vessels. A hydraulic hammer is used to drive the piles into the seafloor.
Pipelines for the TLP are the same as pipelines used for conventional platforms. A steel catenary riser may be used to connect the subsea pipeline to the TLP. Various methods of installation can be used. The most common method used for installing pipelines is the J-lay method. Pipelines for TLP's range in size up to 18 inches in diameter for oil and approximately 14 inches for gas. Often the pipeline will join another system for transport to shore. Oil can be transported by tanker as an alternative to pipelines.
The TLP's use tendons to secure the platform to the foundations. There is no set order for installation of the platform and tendons. In some cases the tendons will be connected to the foundations, and then the platform will be moved into place and the tendons secured to the platform. Other operations will move the platform in place first, secure the tendons to the platform, and then attach the tendons to the foundation. Another option is to secure some of the tendons to the foundations, move the platform in place, attach the secured tendons, and attach the remaining tendons to the TLP and then to the foundation.
The upper section of a TLP consists of the hull, the deck, and the surface facilities. The surface facility modules are built onshore and typically assembled at a shallow-water location near shore, then towed to the site. The modules may be attached to the hull either inshore or at the site. Economics are the determining factor for where the modules and hull are assembled.
The hull provides the buoyancy for the TLP to float in the water and supports the platform. The hull contains several of the mechanical systems needed for platform operation. Topsides-related equipment includes firewater, seawater, diesel storage, low toxic oil storage, and completion fluid storage systems. Hull-related equipment includes ballasting and trim, drain and bilge systems including emergency drain, HVAC, and utility systems.
A typical hull has four columns, ranging in size up to 100 ft in diameter, and connected at the base by four rectangular pontoons. The pontoons are flooded during inshore construction, module mating, and TLP installation. Deballasting is done through pumps located in the caissons. During normal operations, the pontoons are dry. Construction of the hull takes place in drydock. Module support beams are constructed with the hull. Constructed sections are floated to an inshore site for assembly, then towed to location.
An example of an installation of the surface facility and hull for a recent Gulf of Mexico TLP is summarized. The hull was built in Taranto, Italy, and dry-transported approximately 6,500 nautical miles to Corpus Christi, Texas, using the Mighty Servant 2, a heavy load vessel. Dry transporting took 22 days, compared to 92 days if it were wet towed.
Hull and deck modules were integrated at Ingleside, Texas. A shore-based specialized lifting device (SLD) was used to place the modules on the hull. The SLD is a one-of-a-kind, land-based, twin boom-lifting device built for this purpose. Its lifting capacity is 4,000 short tons. Each lift involved positioning the hull so that the module package barge could be positioned under the SLD to connect the lift rigging. The package was lifted 150 ft in the air (this took about 3 hours), and the hull was positioned under the package and secured. The module weight was transferred to the hull. Each lift operation took 8 to 12 hours.
The platform was then transported to the site using four ocean-going tugboats, traveling at three miles per hour, taking seven days for the 400-mile transport. Because the installation took place inshore there was no need for extra helicopters, supply boats, and marine equipment, and offshore operations, quartering, and weather delays were greatly reduced. Peak manpower used during installation was 350 people.
Well drilling for the TLP often begins after well template installation. A TLP can have 50 well slots with provisions for satellite subsea well tiebacks. Predrilling involves using a mobile offshore drilling unit (drillship or semisubmersible) to batch drill and case the wells to a convenient depth, normally through the shallow water flow zone or other potential hazard. Predrilling may also be suspended just above the production zone. Some wells may be drilled to total depth and completed. The Sonat George Richardson semisubmersible drilling vessel is an example of the type of vessel used to predrill.


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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-23 20:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-23 19:56
你好,不知道您想了解TLP哪方面内容,我这里水动力方面有一些,项目资料有点不过不方便往外发。其实,这 ...

谢谢您的回复!        我主要想了解TLP平台的立管张紧器大致要布置在什么地方,看资料说TLP的防喷器是干式的。这个张紧器要布置在这个防喷器上方还是下方? 现在就是不清楚TLP平台立管的张紧器的在平台中什么区域布置。       我对TLP平台结构组成不是很了解,所以理解起来比较困难。

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发表于 2016-8-23 20:44 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
本帖最后由 offshoretech 于 2016-8-23 21:05 编辑
thomaskuo 发表于 2016-8-23 20:32
谢谢您的回复!        我主要想了解TLP平台的立管张紧器大致要布置在什么地方,看资料说TLP的防喷器是干 ...

抱歉,以前我以为您说得FPSO,资料发的不对。
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-24 08:17 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-23 20:44
抱歉,以前我以为您说得FPSO,资料发的不对。

非常感谢,您太专业了!请问你发的资料是出自哪本书籍资料。是之前您说的《Fundamentals of Marine Riser Mechanics》这本书吗?我看看能不能买一本进一步阅读。再次感谢您的回复!
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发表于 2016-8-24 08:27 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
thomaskuo 发表于 2016-8-24 08:17
非常感谢,您太专业了!请问你发的资料是出自哪本书籍资料。是之前您说的《Fundamentals of Marine Riser ...

不是的,是另外一本油气科普性质的,非常粗略。
TLP各种文章和书籍很多的,Riser那本是比较专业讲Riser的
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-24 08:33 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-24 08:27
不是的,是另外一本油气科普性质的,非常粗略。
TLP各种文章和书籍很多的,Riser那本是比较专业讲Riser ...

收到!谢谢!
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-24 14:55 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-24 08:27
不是的,是另外一本油气科普性质的,非常粗略。
TLP各种文章和书籍很多的,Riser那本是比较专业讲Riser ...

我也给您推荐一本书:《Handbook of Offshore Engineering》 Subrata Chakrabarti。内容比较全面。希望对你有帮助。
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发表于 2016-8-24 15:20 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
thomaskuo 发表于 2016-8-24 14:55
我也给您推荐一本书:《Handbook of Offshore Engineering》 Subrata Chakrabarti。内容比较全面。希望对 ...

谢谢,这个已经看完了。。
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 楼主| 发表于 2016-8-24 15:56 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
offshoretech 发表于 2016-8-24 15:20
谢谢,这个已经看完了。。

额!您是在高校搞研究还是在工作呢!方便留个QQ吗?
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发表于 2016-8-24 19:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国山东东营
立管是个很广的概念,钻井和生产更不是一回事,没有可比性
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发表于 2016-12-9 10:26 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国上海
很简答,钻井RISER是硬管,而生产软管是软管
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发表于 2016-12-9 13:39 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国山东济宁
好帖子顶一顶!感谢楼主
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发表于 2017-3-29 14:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国山东青岛
路过,学习中,谢谢各位
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