2008年国民经济和社会发展统计公报（双语）

玉娇龙

中华人民共和国2008年国民经济和社会发展统计公报

中华人民共和国国家统计局 2009年2月26日

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2008 National Economic and Social Development

National Bureau of Statistics of China  February 26, 2009

2008年，全国各族人民在党中央、国务院的领导下，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，万众一心，顽强拼搏，努力克服历史罕见的特大自然灾害和国际金融危机冲击的不利影响，国民经济保持较快发展，各项社会事业取得新的进步。
In 2008 under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Central Committee and the State Council, people of all nationalities of China, taking as the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", implemented earnestly the scientific approach to the economic and social development. They united as one with indomitable spirit to fight against grave natural disasters and international financial crisis, and the national economy kept fast growth and all social undertakings achieved new progress.
一、综合 I. General Outlook
初步核算，全年国内生产总值300670亿元，比上年增长9.0%。分产业看，第一产业增加值34000亿元，增长5.5%；第二产业增加值146183亿元，增长9.3%；第三产业增加值120487亿元，增长9.5%。第一产业增加值占国内生产总值的比重为11.3%，比上年上升0.2个百分点；第二产业增加值比重为48.6%，上升0.1个百分点；第三产业增加值比重为40.1%，下降0.3个百分点。
In 2008, the gross domestic product (GDP) was 30,067.0 billion Yuan, up by 9.0 percent against the previous year. Analyzed by different industries, the value added of the primary industry was 3,400.0 billion Yuan-- up by 5.5 percent--  the secondary industry was 14,618.3 billion Yuan-- a rise of 9.3 percent-- and the tertiary industry was 12,048.7 billion Yuan, up by 9.5 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 11.3 percent of the GDP, up by 0.2 percentage point over that of the pervious year, the secondary industry accounted for 48.6 percent, up by 0.1 percentage point, and the tertiary industry was 40.1 percent, down by 0.3 percentage point.

居民消费价格比上年上涨5.9%，其中食品价格上涨14.3%。固定资产投资价格上涨8.9%。工业品出厂价格上涨6.9%，其中生产资料价格上涨7.7%，生活资料价格上涨4.1%。原材料、燃料、动力购进价格上涨10.5%。农产品生产价格上涨14.1%。农业生产资料价格上涨20.3%。70个大中城市房屋销售价格上涨6.5%，其中新建住宅价格上涨7.1%，二手住宅价格上涨6.2%；房屋租赁价格上涨1.4%。
The general level of consumer prices in China was up by 5.9 percent against the previous year. Of this, the prices for food went up by 14.3 percent and the investment prices in fixed assets were up by 8.9 percent. The producer prices for manufactured goods increased by 6.9 percent, of which the prices for means of production increased by 7.7 percent and the  suBSIstence grew by 4.1 percent. The purchasing price for raw materials, fuels and power went up by 10.5 percent. The producer prices for farm products were up by 14.1 percent. The prices for means of agricultural production were up by 20.3 percent. The sales prices for housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities were up by 6.5 percent, of which new residential buildings went up by 7.1 percent, second hand housing grew by 6.2 percent, and the prices for rental and leasing were up by 1.4 percent.

表1    2008年居民消费价格比上年涨跌幅度

　                                                             单位：%                                                            

指        标	全   国
			城   市		农   村
居民消费价格	5.9		5.6		6.5
食  品	14.3		14.5		14.0
其中： 粮食	7.0		7.2		6.7
肉禽及其制品	21.7		22.6		20.0
油脂	25.4		24.9		25.9
鲜蛋	3.7		3.8		3.6
鲜菜	10.7		10.5		11.3
鲜果	9.0		8.9		9.3
烟酒及用品	2.9		3.1		2.6
衣  着	-1.5		-1.8		-0.6
家庭设备用品及服务	2.8		3.0		2.4
医疗保健及个人用品	2.9		2.8		3.2
交通和通信	-0.9		-1.6		0.7
娱乐教育文化用品及服务	-0.7		-0.9		-0.1
居  住	5.5		4.3		8.2

年末全国就业人员77480万人，比上年末增加490万人。其中城镇就业人员30210万人，净增加860万人，新增加1113万人。年末城镇登记失业率为4.2%，比上年末上升0.2个百分点。
At the end of 2008, the total number of employed people in China was 774.80 million, 4.90 million more than that of 2007. Of this, 302.10 million people were employed in urban areas, a net increase of 8.60 million and newly increase of 11.13 million. The urban unemployment rate through unemployment registration was 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, an increase of 0.2 percentage point against 2007.
年末国家外汇储备19460亿美元，比上年末增加4178亿美元。年末人民币汇率为1美元兑6.8346元人民币，比上年末升值6.9%。
By the end of 2008, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 1,946.0 billion US Dollars, an increase of 417.8 billion US Dollars as compared with that at the end of the pervious year. At the end 2008, the exchange rate was 6.8346 RMB to 1 USD, an appreciation by 6.9 percent against the end of 2007.

全年税收收入57862亿元（不包括关税、耕地占用税和契税），比上年增加8413亿元，增长17.0%。
The taxes collected in the whole year reached 5,786.2 billion Yuan (excluding tariffs, farm land taxes and deed taxes), up by 17.0 percent or an increase of 841.3 billion Yuan over 2007.

玉娇龙

二、农业 II. Agriculture

全年粮食种植面积10670万公顷，比上年增加106万公顷；棉花种植面积576万公顷，减少17万公顷；油料种植面积1271万公顷，增加139万公顷；糖料种植面积193万公顷，增加13万公顷。
In 2008, the sown area of grain was 106.70 million hectares, an increase of 1.06 million hectares as against previous year; the sown area of cotton was 5.76 million hectares, a decline of 170 thousand hectares; the sown area of oil-bearing crops was 12.71 million hectares, an increase of 1.39 million hectares; the sown area of sugar crops was 1.93 million hectares, an increase of 130 thousand hectares.

全年粮食产量52850万吨，比上年增加2690万吨，增产5.4%。其中，夏粮产量12041万吨，增产2.6%；早稻产量3158万吨，与上年基本持平；秋粮产量37651万吨，增产6.7%。
The total output of grain in 2008 was 528.50 million tons, an increase of 26.90 million tons or up by 5.4 percent over the previous year. Of this, the output of summer crops was 120.41 million tons, up by 2.6 percent, and that of the early rice was 31.58 million tons, maintaining the same level of the previous year. The output of autumn grain was 376.51 million tons, an increase of 6.7 percent.



全年棉花产量750万吨，比上年减产1.6%。油料产量2950万吨，增产14.8%。糖料产量13000万吨，增产6.7%。烤烟产量260万吨，增产19.6%。茶叶产量124万吨，增产6.4%。
In 2008, the output of cotton was 7.50 million tons-- a decrease of 1.6 percent over the previous year-- oil-bearing crops was 29.50 million tons-- up by 14.8 percent-- and sugar crops was 130.00 million tons--rise of 6.7 percent-- tobacco was 2.60 million tons--up by 19.6 percent--while tea was 1.24 million tons, an increase of 6.4 per cent.

全年肉类总产量7269万吨，比上年增长5.9%。其中，猪肉产量4615万吨，增长7.6%；牛肉产量610万吨，下降0.5%；羊肉产量376万吨，下降1.8%。生猪年末存栏46264万头，增长5.2%；生猪出栏60960万头，增长7.9%。牛奶产量3651万吨，增长3.6%；禽蛋产量2638万吨，增长4.3%。
The total output of meat for 2008 reached 72.69 million tons, up by 5.9 percent. Of this, the output of pork was 46.15 million tons, up by 7.6 percent, and beef and mutton was 6.10 and 3.76 million tons, down by 0.5 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. At the end of the year, 462.64 million pigs were registered in the total stocks, up by 5.2 percent, and 609.60 million pigs were slaughtered, up by 7.9 percent. The production of milk was 36.51 million tons, up by 3.6 percent,while the total output of eggs was 26.38 million tons, up by 4.3 percent.

全年水产品产量4895万吨，增长3.1%。其中，养殖水产品产量3426万吨，增长4.5%；捕捞水产品产量1469万吨，与上年持平。
The total output of aquatic products was 48.95 million tons, up by 3.1 percent. Of this, the output of cultured aquatic products was 34.26 million tons, up by 4.5 percent; and that of fished aquatic products was 14.69 million tons, maintaining the same level as that of the previous year.

全年木材产量7894万立方米，增长13.2%。
The total production of timber for the year 2008 reached 78.94 million cubic meters, an increase of 13.2 percent.

全年新增有效灌溉面积117.9万公顷，新增节水灌溉面积139.0万公顷。
Over 1.179 million hectares of farmland was increased with effective irrigation systems and another additional 1.390 million hectares of farmland was guaranteed by water-saving irrigation systems.

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三、工业和建筑业III. Industry and Construction

全年全部工业增加值129112亿元，比上年增长9.5%。规模以上工业增加值增长12.9%，其中国有及国有控股企业增长9.1%；集体企业增长8.1%，股份制企业增长15.0%，外商及港澳台商投资企业增长9.9%；私营企业增长20.4%。分轻重工业看，轻工业增长12.3%，重工业增长13.2%。
In 2008, the total value added by the industrial sector was 12,911.2 billion Yuan, up by 9.5 percent over the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size was up by 12.9 percent. Of this, the state-owned and state-holding enterprises grew by 9.1 percent, collective enterprises went up by 8.1 percent, share-holding enterprises increased by 15.0 percent, the enterprises by foreign investors and investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan soared by 9.9 percent and 20.4 percent growth for private enterprises. Analyzed by light and heavy industries, the growth of the light industry was 12.3 percent and the heavy industry was 13.2 percent.

全年规模以上工业中，煤炭开采和洗选业增加值比上年增长19.1%，石油和天然气开采业增长6.1%，文教体育用品制造业增长18.2%，燃气生产和供应业增长26.8%，农副食品加工业增长15.0%，通用设备制造业增长16.9%，交通运输设备制造业增长15.2%，通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业增长12.0%，电气机械及器材制造业增长18.1%，化学纤维制造业增长2.2%。6大高耗能行业比上年增长10.0%，其中，非金属矿物制品业增长16.9%，黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业增长8.2%，化学原料及化学制品制造业增长10.0%，有色金属冶炼及压延加工业增长12.3%，电力热力的生产和供应业增长8.6%，石油加工炼焦及核燃料加工业增长4.3%。高技术制造业增加值比上年增长14.0%。
In 2008, of the industrial enterprises above designated size, the growth of value added for the mining and washing of coal industry was 19.1 percent over the previous year, for the extraction of petroleum and natural gas was 6.1 percent, for culture and education, sporting goods manufacturing industry was 18.2 percent, for gas production and supply industry 26.8 percent, for processing of food from agricultural product 15.0 percent, for manufacture of general machinery 16.9 percent, for manufacture of transport equipment 15.2 percent, for manufacture of communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment 12.0 percent and for manufacture of electrical machinery and equipment 18.1 percent, for chemical fiber manufacturing industry 2.2 percent. The growth of the value added for the major six high energy consuming industries was 10.0 percent, of which manufacture of non-metallic mineral products was 16.9 percent, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals 8.2 percent, manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products 10.0 percent, smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals 12.3 percent, production and supply of electric power and heat power 8.6 percent and 4.3 percent for processing of petroleum, coking, processing of nuclear fuel. The value added growth for the high-tech industry was 14.0 percent against the previous year.


1-11月全国规模以上工业企业累计实现利润24066亿元，比上年同期增长4.9%。
The profit made by the industrial enterprises above the designated size in the first 11 months of 2008 was 2,406.6 billion Yuan, an increase of 4.9 percent over the same period last year.

全年全社会建筑业实现增加值17071亿元，比上年增长7.1%。全国具有资质等级的总承包和专业承包建筑业企业实现利润1756亿元，增长12.5%，其中国有及国有控股企业509亿元，增长21.8%；上缴税金2058亿元，增长20.0%，其中国有及国有控股企业771亿元，增长24.7%。
In 2008, the value added of construction enterprises in China was 1,707.1 billion Yuan, up by 7.1 percent over the previous year. The profits made by construction enterprises qualified for general contracts and specialized contracts reached 175.6 billion Yuan, up by 12.5 percent, of which the profits made by the state-owned and state-holding enterprises were 50.9 billion Yuan, up by 21.8 percent. Their paid taxes were 205.8 billion Yuan, up by 20.0 percent, of which the taxes paid by the state-owned and state-holding enterprises were 77.1 billion Yuan, up by 24.7 percent.

[ 本帖最后由 玉娇龙 于 2009-3-6 13:05 编辑 ]

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四、固定资产投资 IV. Investment in Fixed Assets

全年全社会固定资产投资172291亿元，比上年增长25.5%。分城乡看，城镇投资148167亿元，增长26.1%；农村投资24124亿元，增长21.5%。分地区看，东部地区投资87412亿元，比上年增长20.9%；中部地区投资45384亿元，增长32.6%；西部地区投资35839亿元，增长26.9%。
The completed investment in fixed assets of the country in 2008 was 17,229.1 billion Yuan, up by 25.5 percent over the previous year. Of the total investment in urban areas was 14,816.7 billon Yuan, up by 26.1 percent; and that in rural areas reached 2,412.4 billion Yuan, up by 21.5 percent. An analysis by regions showed that the investment in east areas was 8,741.2 billion Yuan, up by 20.9 percent over the previous year, in central areas was 4,538.4 billion Yuan, a growth of 32.6 percent, and in western areas was 3,583.9 billion yuan, a growth of 26.9 percent.

在城镇投资中，第一产业投资2256亿元，比上年增长54.5%；第二产业投资65036亿元，增长28.0%；第三产业投资80875亿元，增长24.1%。
In urban areas, the investment in the primary industry was 225.6 billion Yuan, up by 54.5 percent; in the secondary industry was 6,503.6 billion Yuan, up by 28.0 percent and in the tertiary industry, it was 8,087.5 billion Yuan, up by 24.1 percent
全年房地产开发投资30580亿元，比上年增长20.9%。其中，东部地区18325亿元，增长17.1%；中部地区6287亿元，增长31.7%；西部地区5967亿元，增长22.7%。按工程用途分，商品住宅投资22081亿元，增长22.6%；办公楼投资1112亿元，增长7.4%；商业营业用房投资3200亿元，增长14.9%。
In 2008, the investment in real estate development was 3,058.0 billion Yuan, up by 20.9 percent. Of this, the investment in eastern regions was 1,832.5 billion Yuan, up by 17.1 percent.In central China,it was 628.7 billion Yuan, up by 31.7 percent, and in western regions, it was 596.7 billion Yuan, up by 22.7 percent. Analyzed by engineering purposes, the investment in commercial residential buildings reached 2,208.1 billion Yuan, an increase of 22.6 percent, that in office buildings was 111.2 billion Yuan, up by 7.4 percent, and in buildings for commercial business was 320.0 billion Yuan, up by 14.9 percent.

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五、国内贸易 V. Domestic Trade

全年社会消费品零售总额108488亿元，比上年增长21.6%。分地域看，城市消费品零售额73735亿元，增长22.1%；县及县以下消费品零售额34753亿元，增长20.7%。分行业看，批发和零售业零售额91199亿元，增长21.5%；住宿和餐饮业零售额15404亿元，增长24.7%；其他行业零售额1885亿元，增长3.7%。
In 2008, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 10,848.8 billion Yuan, up by 21.6 percent over the previous year. An analysis on different areas showed that the retail sales of consumer goods in cities reached 7,373.5 billion Yuan, up by 22.1 percent and the retail sales of consumer goods at and below county level was 3,475.3 billion Yuan, up by 20.7 percent. Analyzed by different sectors, the sales of the wholesale and retail trade reached 9,119.9 billion Yuan, up 21.5 percent; the sales of the lodging and catering industry was 1,540.4 billion Yuan, up 24.7 percent, and the sales of other industries was 188.5 billion Yuan, up 3.7 percent.

在限额以上批发和零售业零售额中，粮油类零售额比上年增长22.7%，肉禽蛋类增长22.3%，服装类增长25.9%，汽车类增长25.3%，石油及制品类增长39.9%，日用品类增长17.1%，文化办公用品类增长17.9%，通讯器材类增长1.4%，家用电器和音像器材类增长14.2%，建筑及装潢材料类下降12.0%，家具类增长22.6%，化妆品类增长22.1%，金银珠宝类增长38.6%，中西药品类增长14.8%。
Of the total retail sales by wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size, the sale of grain and oil was up by 22.7 percent, meat and eggs up by 22.3 percent, clothing up by 25.9 percent, motor vehicles up by 25.3 percent, petroleum and related products up by 39.9 percent, daily necessities up by 17.1 percent, cultural and office goods up by 17.9 percent, telecommunication equipment up by 1.4 percent, electric and electronic appliances for household use and audio-video equipment up by 14.2 percent, building and decoration materials up by 12.0 percent, furniture up 22.6 percent, cosmetics up by 22.1 percent, gold, silver and jewelry up by 38.6 percent and traditional Chinese drugs and western drugs was up by 14.8 percent.

玉娇龙

六、对外经济 VI. Foreign Economic Relations

全年货物进出口总额25616亿美元，比上年增长17.8%。其中，货物出口14285亿美元，增长17.2%；货物进口11331亿美元，增长18.5%。进出口差额（出口减进口）2955亿美元，比上年增加328亿美元。
The total value of imports and exports in 2008 reached 2,561.6 billion US Dollars, up 17.8 percent over the previous year. Of this, the value of exports was 1,428.5 billion US Dollars, up 17.2 percent, and the value of imports was 1,133.1 billion US Dollars, up 18.5 percent. China had a trade surplus (exports minus imports) of 295.5 billion US Dollars, an increase of 32.8 billion US Dollars over the previous year.
全年非金融领域新批外商直接投资企业27514家，比上年减少27.3%。实际使用外商直接投资金额924亿美元，增长23.6%。其中，制造业占54.0%；房地产业占20.1%；租赁和商务服务业占5.5%；批发和零售业占4.8%；交通运输、仓储和邮政业占3.1%。
The year 2008 witnessed the establishment of 27,514 enterprises with foreign direct investment in non-financial sectors, down by 27.3 percent; and the foreign capital actually utilized was 92.4 billion US Dollars, up by 23.6 percent. Of the total foreign direct investment actually utilized, the share of investment in manufacturing was 54.0 percent over the pervious year, the real estate 20.1 percent, leasing and business service 5.5 percent, wholesales and retail trade 4.8 percent and transportation, storage and post service was 3.1 percent.

全年非金融领域对外直接投资额407亿美元，比上年增长63.6%。
In 2008, the overseas direct investment (non-financial sectors) by Chinese investors was 40.7 billion US Dollars, up by 63.6 percent against the previous year.

全年对外承包工程完成营业额566亿美元，比上年增长39.4%；对外劳务合作完成营业额81亿美元，增长19.1%。
In 2008, the accomplished business revenue through contracted overseas engineering projects was 56.6 billion US Dollars, up by 39.4 percent, and the business revenue through overseas labor contracts was 8.1 billion US dollars, up by 19.1 percent over the previous year.

玉娇龙

七、交通、邮电和旅游 VII. Transportation, Post, Telecommunications and Tourism

全年交通运输、仓储和邮政业增加值16590亿元，比上年增长7.6%。
The value added of the transportation, storage, post and telecommunication sectors reached 1,659.0 billion Yuan in 2008, up 7.6 percent over the previous year.

全年规模以上港口完成货物吞吐量58.7亿吨，比上年增长11.5%，其中外贸货物吞吐量19.2亿吨，增长7.0%。港口集装箱吞吐量12835万标准箱，增长12.2%。
The volume of freight handled by ports above the designated size throughout the year totaled 5.87 billion tons, up by 11.5 percent over the previous year, of which freight for foreign trade was 1.92 billion tons, up 7.0 percent. Container shipping handled 128.35 million standard containers, up by 12.2 percent.

年末全国民用汽车保有量达到6467万辆（包括三轮汽车和低速货车1492万辆），比上年末增长13.5%，其中私人汽车保有量4173万辆，增长18.1%。民用轿车保有量2438万辆，增长24.5%，其中私人轿车1947万辆，增长28.0%。
The total number of motor vehicles for civilian use reached 64.67 million (including 14.92 million tri-wheel motor vehicles and low-speed trucks) by the end of 2008, up 13.5 percent, of which private-owned vehicles numbered 41.73 million, up 18.1 percent. The total number of cars for civilian use stood at 24.38 million, up by 24.5 percent, of which private-owned cars numbered 19.47 million, up by 28.0 percent.

全年完成邮电业务总量23841亿元，比上年增长20.7%。其中，邮政业务总量1402亿元，增长15.5%；电信业务总量22440亿元，增长21.0%。全年减少局用交换机156万门，总容量5.1亿门。固定电话年末用户34081万户。其中，城市电话用户23200万户，农村电话用户10881万户。新增移动电话用户9392万户，年末达到64123万户。年末全国固定及移动电话用户总数达到98204万户，比上年末增加6909万户。电话普及率达到74.3部/百人。互联网上网人数3.0亿人，其中宽带上网人数2.7亿人。
The turnover of post and telecommunication services totaled 2,384.1 billion Yuan, up by 20.7 percent over the previous year. Of this, post services accounted for 140.2 billion Yuan, up 15.5 percent, and telecommunication services 2,244.0 billion Yuan, up 21.0 percent. By the end of 2008, with a decrease of 1.56 million lines of office switchboards, the total capacity reached 510 million lines. The year also saw 340.81 million fixed telephone subscribers. This included 232.00 million urban subscribers and 108.81 million rural subscribers. Mobile phone users numbered 641.23 million by the end of 2008, with 93.92 million new subscribers in the year. In total, the number of fixed and mobile phone users reached 982.04 million, an increase of 69.09 million as compared with that at the end of 2007. The number of Internet users was 300 million and wide-band users reached 270 million.

全年入境旅游人数13003万人次，比上年下降1.4%。其中，外国人2433万人次，下降6.8%；香港、澳门和台湾同胞10570万人次，下降0.1%。在入境旅游者中，过夜旅游者5305万人次，下降3.1%。国际旅游外汇收入408亿美元，下降2.6%。国内居民出境人数达4584万人次，增长11.9%。其中因私出境4013万人次，增长14.9%，占出境人数的87.5%。国内出游人数达17.1亿人次，增长6.3%；国内旅游收入8749亿元，增长12.6%。
In 2008, the number of inbound visitors to China totaled 130.03 million, a year-on-year decline of 1.4 percent. Of this,24.33 million were foreigners, down 6.8 percent; and 105.70 million were Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, down 0.1 percent. Of all the inbound tourists, overnight visitors counted 53.05 million, down 3.1 percent. Foreign exchange earnings from international tourism topped 40.8 billion US dollars, down 2.6 percent. The number of China’s outbound visitors totaled 45.84 million, up 11.9 percent. Of this total, 40.13 million were on private visits, a year-on-year rise of 14.9 percent, or 87.5 percent of all outgoing visitors. The year 2008 saw 1.71 billion domestic tourists, up 6.3 percent. The revenue from domestic tourism totaled 874.9 billion Yuan, up 12.6 percent.

玉娇龙

八、金融 VIII. Financial Intermediation

年末广义货币供应量（M2）余额为47.5万亿元，比上年末增长17.8%；狭义货币供应量（M1）余额为16.6万亿元，增长9.1%；流通中现金（M0）余额为3.4万亿元，增长12.7%。年末全部金融机构本外币各项存款余额47.8万亿元，增长19.3%；全部金融机构本外币各项贷款余额32.0万亿元，增长17.9%。
By the end of 2008, money supply of broad sense (M2) was 47.5 trillion Yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 17.8 percent. Money supply of narrow sense (M1) was 16.6 trillion Yuan, up 9.1 percent. Cash in circulation (M0) was 3.4 trillion Yuan, up 12.7 percent. Savings deposit in Renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions totaled 47.8 trillion Yuan at the end of 2008, up 19.3 percent. Loans in Renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions reached 32.0 trillion Yuan, up 17.9 percent.

全年农村金融合作机构（农村信用社、农村合作银行、农村商业银行）人民币贷款余额3.7万亿元，比年初增加5908亿元。全部金融机构人民币消费贷款余额3.7万亿元，增加4609亿元。其中个人短期消费贷款余额0.4万亿元，增加1035亿元；个人中长期消费贷款余额3.3万亿元，增加3575亿元。
Loans in Renminbi from rural financial cooperation institutions (i.e. rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperation banks, and rural commercial banks) totaled 3.7 trillion Yuan by the end of 2008, an increase of 590.8 billion Yuan as compared with the beginning of 2008. The loans in Renminbi for consumption use from all financial institutions totaled 3.7 trillion Yuan, an increase of 460.9 billion Yuan. Of all consumption loans, short-term loans for individuals totaled 0.4 trillion Yuan, an increase of 103.5 billion Yuan, and medium- and long-term loans for individuals reached 3.3 trillion Yuan, an increase of 357.5 billion Yuan.
全年上市公司通过境内市场累计筹资3396亿元，比上年减少3947亿元。其中，首次公开发行A股75只，筹资1066亿元，减少3487亿元；A股再筹资（包括配股、公开增发、非公开增发、认股权证）筹资1332亿元，减少1046亿元；上市公司通过发行可转债、可分离债、公司债筹资998亿元，增加587亿元。
Funds raised in 2008 by enterprises through issuing stocks and share rights on stock market amounted to 339.6 billion Yuan, a decline of 394.7 billion Yuan over the previous year. Of this, 75 A-shares were issued, receiving 106.6 billion Yuan worth of capital altogether, a decline of 348.7 billion Yuan. The refinancing of A-shares (including rationing shares, public newly issued, nonpublic newly issued and warrants) received 133.2 billion Yuan worth of capital altogether, a decrease of 104.6 billion Yuan over 2007. The listed companies financed 99.8 billion Yuan through convertible bonds, bonds with attached warrants and corporate bonds, an increase of 58.7 billion Yuan.
全年企业共发行债券20520亿元，比上年增加3437亿元。其中，金融债券11797亿元，减少116亿元；企业（公司）债券2655亿元，增加834亿元；短期融资券4332亿元，增加982亿元；中期票据1737亿元，增加1737亿元。
The total corporate bonds issued throughout the year reached 2,052.0 billion Yuan, an increase of 343.7 billion Yuan over 2007. Of this, the financial bonds were 1,179.7 billion Yuan, a drop of 11.6 billion Yuan; the enterprise (corporate) bonds were 265.5 billion Yuan, an increase of 83.4 billion Yuan; the short-term financing funds were 433.2 billion Yuan, an increase of 98.2 billion Yuan; and the medium-term notes were 173.7 billion Yuan, an increase of 173.7 billion Yuan.
全年保险公司原保险保费收入9784亿元，比上年增长39.1%，其中寿险业务原保险保费收入6658亿元；健康险和意外伤害险业务原保险保费收入789亿元；财产险业务原保险保费收入2337亿元。支付各类赔款及给付2971亿元，其中寿险业务给付1315亿元；健康险和意外伤害险赔款及给付238亿元；财产险业务赔款1418亿元。
The premium received by the insurance companies totaled 978.4 billion Yuan in 2008, up 39.1 percent over the previous year. Of this, life insurance premium accounted for 665.8 billion Yuan, health and casualty insurance premium 78.9 billion Yuan, and property insurance premium 233.7 billion Yuan. Insurance companies paid an indemnity worth of 297.1 billion Yuan, of which life insurance indemnity was 131.5 billion Yuan, health and casualty insurance indemnity 23.8 billion Yuan, and property insurance indemnity was 141.8 billion Yuan.

玉娇龙

九、教育和科学技术 IX. Education, Science and Technology

全年研究生教育招生44.6万人，在学研究生128.3万人，毕业生34.5万人。普通高等教育招生607.7万人，在校生2021.0万人，毕业生512.0万人。各类中等职业教育招生810.0万人，在校生2056.3万人，毕业生570.6万人。全国普通高中招生837.0万人，在校生2476.3万人，毕业生836.1万人。全国初中招生1856.2万人，在校生5574.2万人，毕业生1862.9万人。普通小学招生1695.7万人，在校生10331.5万人，毕业生1865.0万人。特殊教育招生6.2万人，在校生41.7万人。幼儿园在园幼儿2475.0万人。
In 2008, the post-graduate education enrollment was 1.283 million students with 446 thousand new students and 345 thousand graduates. The general tertiary education enrollment was 20.210 million students with 6.077 million new students and 5.120 million graduates. Vocational secondary schools of various types had 20.563 million enrolled students, including 8.100 million new entrants, and 5.706 million graduates. Senior secondary schools had 24.763 million enrolled students, including 8.370 million new entrants, and 8.361 million graduates. Students enrolled in junior secondary schools totaled 55.742 million, including 18.562 million new entrants, and 18.629 million graduates. The country had a primary education enrollment of 103.315 million students, including 16.957 million new entrants, and 18.650 million graduates. There were 417 thousand students enrolled in special education schools, with 62 thousand new entrants. Kindergartens accommodated 24.750 million children.

玉娇龙

全年研究与试验发展（R&D）经费支出4570亿元，比上年增长23.2%，占国内生产总值的1.52%，其中基础研究经费200亿元。全年国家安排了922项科技支撑计划课题，1205项“863”计划课题。新建国家工程研究中心7个，国家工程实验室51个。国家认定企业技术中心达到 575家。省级企业技术中心达到4886家。全年受理国内外专利申请82.8万件，其中国内申请71.7万件，占86.6%。受理国内外发明专利申请29.0万件，其中国内申请19.5万件，占67.1%。全年授予专利权41.2万件，其中国内授权35.2万件，占85.5%。授予发明专利权9.4万件，其中国内授权4.7万件，占49.7%。截至2008年底，有效专利119.5万件，其中国内有效专利92.5万件，占77.4%；有效发明专利33.7万件，其中国内有效发明专利12.8万件，占37.9%。全年共签订技术合同22.6万项，技术合同成交金额2665亿元，比上年增长19.7%。全年成功发射卫星11次，“神舟七号”载人航天飞行圆满成功。
The amount of expenditures on research and development activities (R&D) was worth 457.0 billion Yuan in 2008, up 23.2 percent over 2007, accounting for 1.52 percent of GDP. Of this, 20.0 billion Yuan was appropriated for fundamental research programs. A total number of 922 projects under the National Key Technology Research and Development Program and 1,205 projects under the Hi-tech Research and Development Program (the 863 Program) were implemented. The year 2008 saw the establishment of seven new national engineering research centers and 51 national engineering laboratories. The number of state validated enterprise technical centers reached 575 by the end of the year. The technical centers at the provincial level numbered 4,886. Some 828 thousand patent applications were accepted from home and abroad, of which 717 thousand were domestic applications, accounting for 86.6 percent of the total. A total number of 290 thousand patent applications for new inventions were accepted, of which 195 thousand were from domestic applicants or 67.1 percent of the total. A total of 412 thousand patents were authorized in 2008, of which 352 thousand were domestic patents, accounting for 85.5 percent of the total. A total of 94 thousand patents for new inventions were authorized, of which 47 thousand were domestic ones, accounting for 49.7 percent. Till the end of year 2008, the number of patents in force was 1.195 million, of which 925 thousand patents were domestic ones, accounting for 77.4 percent; the number of patents in force for inventions was 337 thousand, of which 128 thousand was domestic ones, accounting for 37.9 percent. A total of 226 thousand technology transfer contracts were signed, representing 266.5 billion yuan in value, up 19.7 percent over the previous year. The year 2008 saw 11 successful launch of satellites and Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft was launched successfully.

年末全国共有产品检测实验室24300个，其中国家检测中心376个。全国现有产品质量、体系认证机构170个，已累计完成对3.8万个企业的产品认证。全国共有法定计量技术机构3701个，全年强制检定计量器具4190万台（件）。全年制定、修订国家标准6373项，其中新制定2714项。全国共有地震台站1314个，地震遥测台网31个。全国共有海洋观测站67个、海洋监测站位9200多个。测绘部门公开出版地图1834种，测绘图书309种。
By the end of 2008, there were altogether 24,300 laboratories for product inspection, including 376 national inspection centers. There were 170 organizations for product certification and management system certification, which accumulatively certified products in 38 thousand enterprises. A total of 3,701 authorized measurement institutions enforced compulsory inspection on 41.90 million measurement instruments in the year. A total of 6,373 national standards were developed or revised in the year, including 2,714 new standards. There were 1,314 seismological monitor stations and 31 seismological remote monitor network stations. The numbers of oceanic observation stations were 67 and oceanic monitor spots reached 9,200. Mapping departments published 1,834 maps and 309 mapping books.

玉娇龙

十、文化、卫生和体育 X. Culture, Public Health and Sports

年末全国共有艺术表演团体2575个，文化馆3171个，公共图书馆2825个，博物馆1798个。广播电台257座，电视台277座，广播电视台2069座，教育台45个。有线电视用户16342万户，有线数字电视用户4503万户。年末广播节目综合人口覆盖率为96.0%；电视节目综合人口覆盖率为97.0%。全年生产故事影片406部，科教、纪录、动画和特种影片73部。出版各类报纸445亿份，各类期刊30亿册，图书69亿册（张）。年末全国共有档案馆3987个，已开放各类档案7267万卷（件）。
At the end of 2008, there were 2,575 art-performing groups, 3,171 culture centers, 2,825 public libraries, 1,798 museums, 257 radio broadcasting stations, 277 television stations, 2,069 radio broadcasting and television stations and 45 educational television stations throughout China. Subscribers to cable television programs numbered 163.42 million. Subscribers to digital cable television programs were 45.03 million. Radio broadcasting and television broadcasting coverage rates were 96.0 percent and 97.0 percent respectively. The country produced 406 feature movies and 73 science, educational, documentary, cartoon and special movies. A total of 44.5 billion copies of newspapers and 3.0 billion copies of magazines were issued, and 6.9 billion copies of books published. By the end of the year, there were 3,987 archives in China and 72.67 million documents were made accessible to the public.

年末全国共有卫生机构30.0万个，其中医院、卫生院6.0万个，社区卫生服务中心（站）2.8万个，妇幼保健院（所、站）3020个，专科疾病防治院（所、站）1344个，疾病预防控制中心（防疫站）3560个，卫生监督所（中心）2591个。卫生技术人员492万人，其中执业医师和执业助理医师205万人，注册护士162万人。医院和卫生院床位369万张。乡镇卫生院3.9万个，床位82万张，卫生技术人员87.4万人。全年甲、乙类法定报告传染病发病人数354.1万例，报告死亡12433人；报告传染病发病率268.01/10万，死亡率0.94/10万。
By the end of 2008, there were 300 thousand health institutions in China, including 60 thousand general hospitals and health centers, 28 thousand community health service centers, 3,020 maternal and child health-care institutions, 1,344 specialized health institutions, 3,560 epidemic disease prevention centers (stations) and 2,591 health monitoring institutions. There were 4.92 million health workers in China, including 2.05 million practicing doctors and assistant practicing doctors and 1.62 million registered nurses. General hospitals and health centers in China possessed 3.69 million beds. The number of rural health care centers was 39 thousand, possessing 820 thousand beds and employing 874 thousand health care workers. In 2008, 3.541 million people were infected by A or B class infectious diseases, with 12,433 reported deaths. The incidence of infectious disease was 268.01 per 100 thousand, with the death rate standing at 0.94 per 100 thousand.

全年运动健儿在24个项目中共获得了120个世界冠军，11人2队16次创16项世界纪录。在北京奥运会上，我国运动员共获得51枚金牌，21枚银牌，28枚铜牌，奖牌总数100枚，位列奥运会金牌榜第一，奖牌榜第二。在北京残奥会上，我国运动员共获得89枚金牌，70枚银牌，52枚铜牌，蝉联金牌榜和奖牌榜的第一位。群众体育运动蓬勃开展。
In 2008, Chinese athletes won 120 world championships on 24 sports events. Eleven athletes and 2 teams broke 16 world records on 16 occasions. On the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, China won 51 gold medals, 21 silver medals and 28 bronze medals, totaled 100 medals, topping the gold medal tally and winning the second in the overall medal table. On Beijing Para Olympic Games, China’s athletes won 89 gold medals, 70 silver medals and 52 bronze medals, topping again both the gold medal tally and overall medal standings. The amateur sports activities were carried out vigorously.

玉娇龙

十一、人口、人民生活和社会保障 XI. Population, Living Conditions and Social Security

年末全国总人口为132802万人，比上年末增加673万人。全年出生人口1608万人，出生率为12.14‰；死亡人口935万人，死亡率为7.06‰；自然增长率为5.08‰。出生人口性别比为120.56。
At the end of 2008, the total number of Chinese population reached 1,328.02 million, an increase of 6.73 million against the end of 2007. The year 2008 saw 16.08 million births, a crude birth rate of 12.14 per thousand, and 9.35 million deaths, or a crude death rate of 7.06 per thousand. The natural growth rate was 5.08 per thousand. The sex ratio at birth was 120.56.

全年农村居民人均纯收入4761元，扣除价格上涨因素，比上年实际增长8.0%；城镇居民人均可支配收入15781元，实际增长8.4%。农村居民家庭食品消费支出占家庭消费总支出的比重为43.7%，城镇居民家庭为37.9%。按2008年农村贫困标准1196元测算，年末农村贫困人口为4007万人。
In 2008, the annual per capita net income of rural households was 4,761 yuan, or a real increase of 8.0 percent over the previous year when the factors of price increase were deducted. The annual per capita disposable income of urban households was 15,781 yuan, or a real increase of 8.4 percent. The proportion of expenditure on food to the total expenditure of households was 43.7 percent for rural households and 37.9 percent for urban households. According to the 2008 rural poverty line with annual per capita net income below 1,196 yuan, the population in poverty in rural areas numbered 40.07 million at the end of the year.

年末全国参加城镇基本养老保险人数为21890万人，比上年末增加1753万人。其中参保职工16597万人，参保离退休人员5293万人。参加城镇基本医疗保险的人数31698万人，增加9387万人。其中，参加城镇职工基本医疗保险人数20048万人，参加城镇居民基本医疗保险人数11650万人。参加城镇医疗保险的农民工4249万人，增加1118万人。参加失业保险的人数12400万人，增加755万人。参加工伤保险的人数13810万人，增加1637万人。其中参加工伤保险农民工4976万人，增加996万人。参加生育保险的人数9181万人，增加1406万人。2729个县（市、区）开展了新型农村合作医疗工作，新型农村合作医疗参合率91.5%。新型农村合作医疗基金累计支出总额为429亿元，累积受益3.7亿人次。全年城市医疗救助513万人次，比上年增长16.0%。农村医疗救助936万人次，增长148.0%。民政部门资助农村合作医疗的人数达2780万人次。
At the end of 2008, a total of 218.90 million people participated in basic pension program, a year-on-year increase of 17.53 million. Of this total, 165.97 million were staff and workers, and 52.93 million were retirees. A total of 316.98 million people participated in urban basic health insurance program, an increase of 93.87 million, of whom 200.48 million people participated in urban basic health insurance program for staff and workers, 116.50 million people participated in programs for residents. A total of 42.49 million people participated in urban health insurance programs were migrant workers coming from the rural areas, an increase of 11.18 million. Some 124.00 million people participated in unemployment insurance programs, an increase of 7.55 million. A total of 138.10 million people participated in work accident insurance, an increase of 16.37 million, of which 49.76 million were migrant workers coming from the rural areas, an increase of 9.96 million. A total of 91.81 million people participated in maternity insurance programs, an increase of 14.06 million. A total of 2,729 counties (cities, districts) conducted the new cooperative medical care system in rural areas, with a participation rate of 91.5 percent. The total expenditure of the new cooperative medical care system in rural areas reached 42.9 billion yuan, benefiting 370 million people. In 2008, the urban medical assistance helped 5.13 million people, up by 16.0 percent. The rural medical assistance helped 9.36 million people, up by 148.0 percent. A total of 27.80 million people were funded by the civil affairs departments in the rural cooperative medical care system.

年末全国领取失业保险金人数为261万人。全年2334万城市居民得到政府最低生活保障，比上年增加62万人；4291万农村居民得到政府最低生活保障，增加725万人。
The number of people receiving unemployment insurance payment stood at 2.61 million. A total of 23.34 million urban residents received the government minimum living allowances, or 620 thousand more than the previous year. About 42.91 million rural residents received the government minimum living allowance, an increase of 7.25 million.

年末全国各类收养性社会福利单位床位235万张，收养各类人员189万人。城镇建立各种社区服务设施10.9万个，社区服务中心9871个。全年销售社会福利彩票604亿元，筹集福利彩票公益金211亿元，直接接收社会捐赠款482亿元。
Social welfare institutions of various types provided 2.35 million beds by the end of 2008, accommodating 1.89 million inmates. There were 109 thousand community service facilities and 9,871 comprehensive community service centers were set up in urban areas. A total of 60.4 billion yuan worth of social welfare lottery tickets were sold, raising 21.1 billion yuan of social welfare funds. A total of 48.2 billion yuan were received from direct donations.

玉娇龙

十二、资源、环境和安全生产 XII. Resources, Environment and Work Safety

全年建设占用耕地19.16万公顷。灾毁耕地2.48万公顷。生态退耕0.76万公顷。因农业结构调整减少耕地2.49万公顷。土地整理复垦开发补充耕地22.96万公顷。当年净减少耕地1.93万公顷。
A total of 191.6 thousand hectares of cultivated land was used for construction purpose in 2008. An area of 24.8 thousand hectares of cultivated land was destroyed by disasters, 7.6 thousand hectares of farmland was converted into land for ecological preservation. The structural adjustment to agriculture led to a reduction of 24.9 thousand hectares of cultivated land. Land reclamation and re-development programs added 229.6 thousand hectares of cultivated land. As a result, the year 2008 witnessed a net reduction of 19.3 thousand hectares of cultivated land.

全年水资源总量27127亿立方米，比上年增加7.4%；人均水资源2048立方米，增加6.9%。全年平均降水量659毫米，增加8.0%。年末全国大型水库蓄水总量1962亿立方米，比上年末多蓄水93亿立方米。全年总用水量5840亿立方米，比上年增长0.4%。其中，生活用水增长0.6%，工业用水增长1.8%，农业用水减少0.2%，生态补水减少0.7%。万元国内生产总值用水量231.8立方米，比上年下降7.9%。万元工业增加值用水量130.3立方米，下降7.0%。人均用水量440.9立方米，下降0.1%。
The total stock of water resources in 2008 was 2,712.7 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year increase of 7.4 percent, or 2,048 cubic meters in per capita terms, up by 6.9 percent. The annual average precipitation was 659 millimeters, up by 8.0 percent. Large reservoirs in China stored 196.2 billion cubic meters of water at the end of 2008, 9.3 billion cubic meters more than that at the end of 2007. Total water consumption went up by 0.4 percent to reach 584.0 billion cubic meters, of which water consumption for living purposes rose by 0.6 percent, for industrial use up by 1.8 percent, for agricultural use down by 0.2 percent, and for ecological water supplement down by 0.7 percent. Water consumption for every 10 thousand yuan worth of GDP produced was 231.8 cubic meters, a decline of 7.9 percent. Water consumption for every 10 thousand yuan worth of industrial value added was 130.3 cubic meters, down by 7.0 percent. Per capita water consumption was 440.9 cubic meters, down by 0.1 percent.

国土资源调查及地质勘查新发现大中型矿产地209处，其中，能源矿产地38处，金属矿产地90处，非金属矿产地79处，水气矿产地2处。有57种矿产新增查明资源储量，其中，石油13.4亿吨，天然气6472亿立方米，原煤231.1亿吨。
National land surveys and geological explorations discovered a total of 209 new mineral deposits in large or medium size, including 38 energy mineral deposits, 90 metallic mineral deposits, 79 non-metallic mineral deposits and 2 aqueous and gaseous deposits. Increased reserves were found for 57 minerals, including 1.34 billion tons of crude oil, 647.2 billion cubic meters of natural gas and 23.11 billion tons of coal.

全年完成造林面积477万公顷，其中人工造林329万公顷。林业重点工程完成造林面积312万公顷，占全部造林面积的65.4%。全民义务植树23.1亿株。截至2008年底，自然保护区达到2538个，其中国家级自然保护区303个。新增综合治理水土流失面积4.7万平方公里，新增实施水土流失地区封育保护面积2.6万平方公里。
A total of 4.77 million hectares of forest were planted, of which 3.29 million were afforested by manpower. Some 3.12 million hectares were afforested through key afforestation projects, accounting for 65.4 percent of the total planted area of the year. About 2.31 billion trees were planted in 2008 by volunteers. By the end of 2008, there were 2,538 natural reserves including 303 national ones. A total of 47 thousand square kilometers of eroded land were put under comprehensive treatment programs, and 26 thousand square kilometers of land were closed for nurture and protection in areas suffering water and soil erosion.

初步测算，全年能源消费总量28.5亿吨标准煤，比上年增长4.0%。煤炭消费量27.4亿吨，增长3.0%；原油消费量3.6亿吨，增长5.1%；天然气消费量807亿立方米，增长10.1%；电力消费量34502亿千瓦小时，增长5.6%。全国万元国内生产总值能耗下降4.59%。主要原材料消费中，钢材消费量5.4亿吨，增长4.2%；精炼铜消费量538万吨，增长6.9%；电解铝消费量1260万吨，增长4.3%；乙烯消费量998万吨，下降2.9%；水泥消费量13.7亿吨，增长3.5%。
Preliminary estimation indicated that the total energy consumption in 2008 amounted to 2.85 billion tons of standard coal equivalent, up 4.0 percent over 2007. The consumption of coal was 2.74 billion tons, up 3.0 percent; crude oil 360 million tons, up 5.1 percent; natural gas 80.7 billion cubic meters, up 10.1 percent; and electric power 3,450.2 billion kilowatt hours, up 5.6 percent. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan went down by 4.59 percent. The consumption of major kinds of raw materials included 540 million tons of rolled steel, up 4.2 percent; 5.38 million tons of copper, up by 6.9 percent; 12.60 million tons of electrolytic aluminum, up by 4.3 percent; 9.98 million tons of ethylene, down by 2.9 percent; and 1.37 billion tons of cement, up 3.5 percent.

七大水系的409个水质监测断面中，Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质断面比例占55.0%，比上年提高5.1个百分点；劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例占20.8%，比上年下降2.8个百分点。七大水系水质总体上持续好转，部分流域污染仍然严重。
Monitoring of water quality on 409 sections of the 7 major water systems in China showed that 55.0 percent of the sections met the national quality standard from Grade I to Grade III for surface water, up by 5.1 percentage points; and 20.8 percent were worse than Grade V, down by 2.8 percentage points compared with that in the previous year. Generally, the water quality in the 7 major water systems continued to improve with some river basins still having serious pollution.

玉娇龙

近岸海域301个海水水质监测点中，达到国家一、二类海水水质标准的监测点占70.4%，比上年上升7.6个百分点；三类海水占11.3%，下降0.5个百分点；四类、劣四类海水占18.3%，下降7.0个百分点。全国海域未达到清洁海域水质标准的海域面积13.7万平方公里，比上年减少0.8万平方公里，其中，严重污染海域面积为2.5万平方公里。渤海严重污染海域面积0.3万平方公里。
Monitoring of oceanic water quality at 301 offshore monitoring stations indicated that oceanic water met the national quality standard Grade I and II in 70.4 percent of the stations, up by 7.6 percentage points from the previous year; water quality at 11.3 percent of the stations met Grade III standard, down by 0.5 percentage points; and water of Grade IV or inferior quality was found at 18.3 percent of the stations, down by 7.0 percentage points. A total of 137 thousand square kilometers of oceanic waters did not meet the quality standard for clean oceanic water, a decrease of 8 thousand square kilometers. Of this total, seriously polluted oceanic area occupied 25 thousand square kilometers. Seriously polluted oceanic area in Bohai Sea occupied 3 thousand square kilometers.

在监测的519个城市中，有399个城市空气质量达到二级以上（含二级）标准，占监测城市数的76.9%；有113个城市为三级，占21.8%；有7个城市为劣三级，占1.3%。在监测的392个城市中，城市区域声环境质量好的城市占7.9%，较好的占63.8%，轻度污染的占27.0%，中度污染的占1.3%。
In the 519 cities covered by air quality monitoring program, 399 cities reached or topped air quality standard Grade II, accounting for 76.9 percent of all cities under the program; 113 cities attained Grade III, accounting for 21.8 percent; and air quality in 7 cities was inferior to Grade III, accounting for 1.3 percent. Of the 392 cities subject to noise monitoring program, 7.9 percent enjoyed fairly good environment, 63.8 percent had good environment, 27.0 percent had light noise pollution, and 1.3 percent experienced medium noise pollution in downtown areas.

全年平均气温为9.6℃，比上年低0.5℃。全年共有10个台风在我国登陆，增加2个。
The average temperature in 2008 was 9.6℃, which was 0.5℃ lower than that in previous year. Typhoon hit China 10 times in 2008, 2 more compared with that in 2007.

年末城市污水处理厂日处理能力达8295万立方米，比上年末增长16.1%；城市污水处理率达到65.3%，提高2.4个百分点；集中供热面积32.1亿平方米，增长6.6%；建成区绿地率达到31.6%，提高0.3个百分点。
At the end of 2008, the daily treatment capacity of city sewage reached 82.95 million cubic meters, up 16.1 percent over that in 2007. City sewage treatment rate was 65.3 percent, up 2.4 percentage points. The floor space with central heating systems amounted to 3.21 billion square meters, up 6.6 percent. Greenery coverage reached 31.6 percent of the urban area, up 0.3 percentage point.

全年各类自然灾害造成直接经济损失11752亿元，比上年增加4.0倍。全年农作物受灾面积3999万公顷，下降18.4%。其中，绝收403万公顷，下降29.8%。全年共发生森林火灾1.3万起，上升45.2%。全年因洪涝灾害造成直接经济损失635亿元，下降23.1%；死亡686人，下降41.3%。全年因旱灾造成直接经济损失307亿元，下降60.9%。全年因海洋灾害造成直接经济损失206亿元，增加1.3倍。全年累计发生赤潮面积13738平方公里，增加18.3%。全年低温冷冻和雪灾造成直接经济损失1595亿元，死亡162人。全年实际发生各类地质灾害2.7万起，直接经济损失183.7亿元，死亡656人。全年大陆地区共发生5级以上地震87次，成灾17次，造成直接经济损失8523亿元，死亡近7万人。其中，四川汶川地震震级达8.0级，造成直接经济损失8451亿元。
In 2008, natural disasters caused 1,175.2 billion yuan worth of direct economic loss, 4.0 times more than that in previous year. Natural disasters hit 39.99 million hectares of crops, down 18.4 percent, of which 4.03 million hectares of crops was demolished, down 29.8 percent. The year 2008 witnessed 13 thousand forest fires, up by 45.2 percent. Floods and waterlog caused a direct economic loss of 63.5 billion yuan, down by 23.1 percent and left a death roll of 686, down by 41.3 percent. Drought caused a direct economic loss of 30.7 billion yuan, down by 60.9 percent. Oceanic disasters caused a direct economic loss of 20.6 billion yuan, increased by 1.3 times. The occurrence of red tides hit an accumulative area of 13,738 square kilometers, up by 18.3 percent. Disasters from low temperature, frost and snow made a total direct economic loss of 159.5 billion yuan with a death roll of 162. China registered 27 thousand geological disasters which left a death doll of 656 and made a total direct economic loss of 18.37 billion yuan. The country recorded 87 earthquakes with magnitude 5 and over, 17 of which caused disasters, causing a direct economic loss of 852.3 billion yuan and leaving a death roll of 70 thousand. Of this total, Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake recorded 8.0-magnitude, causing a direct economic loss of 845.1 billion yuan.

全年生产安全事故死亡91172人，比上年下降10.2%。亿元国内生产总值生产安全事故死亡人数为0.312人，下降24.5%；工矿商贸企业就业人员10万人生产安全事故死亡人数为2.82人，下降7.5%；煤矿百万吨死亡人数为1.182人，下降20.4%。全年共发生道路交通事故26.5万起，造成7.3万人死亡，30.5万人受伤，直接财产损失10.1亿元；道路交通万车死亡人数为4.3人，减少0.8人。
The death toll due to work accidents amounted to 91,172 people, a year-on-year decrease of 10.2 percent. The death toll from work accidents every 100 million yuan worth of GDP was 0.312 people, a decline of 24.5 percent. Work accidents in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises caused 2.82 deaths out of every 100 thousand employees, down 7.5 percent. The death toll for producing one million tons of coal in coalmines was 1.182 persons, down 20.4 percent. The year 2008 witnessed 265 thousand traffic accidents, claiming 73 thousand lives, injuring 305 thousand people and causing a direct property loss of 1.01 billion yuan. The road traffic death toll per 10 thousand vehicles was 4.3 persons, a decrease of 0.8 person.

玉娇龙

注： Notes:

1.本公报中数据均为初步统计数。
1. All figures in this Communiqué are preliminary statistics.

2.各项统计数据均未包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省。
2. Statistics in this Communiqué do not include Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province.

3.部分数据因四舍五入的原因，存在着与分项合计不等的情况。
3. Due to the rounding-off reasons, the subentries may not add up to the aggregate totals.

4.国内生产总值、各产业增加值绝对数按现价计算，增长速度按不变价格计算。
4. Gross domestic product (GDP) and value added as quoted in this Communiqué are calculated at current prices, whereas their growth rates are at constant prices.

5.6大高耗能行业分别为：化学原料及化学制品制造业、非金属矿物制品业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业、石油加工炼焦及核燃料加工业、电力热力的生产和供应业。
5. Six highly energy-consuming industries are: manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals, oil processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing, and production and supply of electricity and heat.

6.钢材产量及消费量数据中均含部分使用钢材加工成其他钢材的重复计算因素。
6. Output and consumption of rolled steel include duplicated counting of rolled steel as intermediate inputs used for producing other types of rolled steel.

7.固定资产投资按东部、中部、西部地区计算的合计数据小于全国数据，是因为有部分跨地区的投资未计算在地区数据中。
7. The national total of fixed assets investment is larger than the aggregate sum by adding up the subtotals of fixed assets investment in the eastern areas, central areas, and western areas due to the fact that some of the trans-regional investments are not covered by regional figures.

8.房地产业投资除房地产开发投资外，还包括建设单位自建房屋以及物业管理、中介服务和其他房地产投资。
8. The investment in real estate includes the investment made in real estate development, construction of buildings for own use, property management, intermediary services and other real estate development.

9.原保险保费收入是指保险企业确认的原保险合同保费收入。
9. The original premium income received by the insurance companies refers to the premium income from original insurance contracts confirmed by the insurance companies.

10.城镇职工基本医疗保险人数包括参保职工和参保退休人员。城镇居民基本医疗保险的参保对象是不属于城镇职工基本医疗保险覆盖范围的城镇非从业人员。
10. The number of people covered in urban basic health insurance programs for urban staff and workers include staff and workers and retirees insured. The urban basic health insurance programs for urban residents refer to urban non-employed residents who are not covered by the urban basic health insurance programs for staff and workers.

11.农村贫困人口是根据新修订的农村贫困标准统计的，与历史数据不完全可比。
11. Statistics on poverty population in rural areas are based on the newly revised rural poverty line, which is incomparable with historical data.

12.万元国内生产总值用水量按2005年不变价格计算，邮电业务总量按2000年不变价格计算。
12. The consumption of water for producing 10 thousand yuan worth of GDP is calculated at 2005 constant prices. The turnover of post and telecommunication services is calculated at constant prices of 2000.

lincaiwang

太长了，为何不用附件的形式发表

chenyou

很好，谢谢，辛苦了

sin726

辛苦了~   好长啊···