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本周在国际海事组织总部，一批国际专家们以专家研讨会的形式开始更新国际航运业的温室气体排放量，目的是提供可靠且最新的信息，并且国际海事组织通过海洋环境保护委员会采取进一步措施来减少温室气体的排放。
2009年国际海事组织的第二次温室气体研究估计国际航运业排放了8.7亿吨，或大约占2007年全球人为二氧化碳排放量的2.7%。更新盘点温室气体量很有必要，因为当前第二次研究估计量中没有考虑到自2008年以来的全球经济衰退。废气是船舶排放温室气体中的主要来源，而且无论就其数量还是对全球变暖造成的影响，二氧化碳都是最重要的温室气体。
海洋环境保护委员会已于2012年10月举行的第64次会议上支持更新盘点温室气体量。专家研讨会将于2013年2月26日至3月1日进行并将一步考虑在评估中使用的方法和假设，而且也期待他们于今年5月在MEPC第65次会议上提供一份总结报告。
除了二氧化碳（CO2）之外，国际运输中船舶排放的温室气体和相关物质还包括：甲烷（CH4）、一氧化二氮（N20）、氢氟碳化物（HFCs）、全氟化碳（PFCs）、六氟化硫（SF6）。
其它导致气候变化的相关物质还包括：氮氧化物（Nox）、非甲烷挥发性有机物（NMVOC）、一氧化碳（CO）、微粒物质（PM）和硫氧化物（Sox）。
国际海事组织已经采用技术和操作措施来减少国际航运中的温室气体。根据2011年采用的防止船舶污染国际公约附件VI的修正案，能效设计指数（EEDI）是面向新船的强制性规定，而船舶能源管理计划（SEEMP）针对所有船舶。这些修正案已于2013年1月1日生效。
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Work Begins on Updating Inventory of GHG from International Shipping
International experts are meeting at IMO Headquarters this week, in the form of an Expert Workshop, to begin work on updating the inventory of greenhouse gases (GHG) from international shipping, with a view to providing reliable and up-to-date information on which IMO, through its Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), might base its work on further measures to reduce GHG.
The Second IMO GHG Study 2009 estimated that international shipping emitted 870 million tonnes, or about 2.7% of the global man-made emissions of CO2 in 2007. An updated GHG inventory is considered necessary as the current estimate contained in the Second study does not take account of the economic downturn experienced globally since 2008. Exhaust gases are the primary source of GHG emissions from ships, with carbon dioxide the most important GHG, both in terms of quantity and of global warming potential.
The MEPC, at its sixty-fourth session in October 2012 endorsed, in principle, the outline for an update of the GHG emissions estimate. The Expert Workshop, meeting from 26 February to 1 March 2013, will further consider the methodology and assumptions to be used in the update. The Expert Workshop is expected to provide a summary of its deliberations as a report on its work to MEPC 65, meeting in May this year.
In addition to carbon dioxide (CO2), a global GHG inventory of emissions of GHGs and relevant substances emitted from ships, engaged in international transport could include: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Other relevant substances that may contribute to climate change include: nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and sulphur oxides (SOx).
IMO has already adopted technical and operational measures to reduce emissions of GHG from international shipping. The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was made mandatory for new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships, under amendments to MARPOL Annex VI adopted in 2011. These amendments entered into force on 1 January 2013.
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发表于 2013-3-2 15:38
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