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发表于 2019-7-26 09:01
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来自: 中国辽宁大连
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BWMS Challenges with Bulk Carriers/TST Gravity Discharge Configuration
Bulk carriers, one of the largest segments of the merchant shipping fleet, are highly ballast-dependent. Some of these bulk carriers, possessing Topside Water Ballast Tanks (TST) not connected to the Bottom Side Water Ballast Tanks (BSWBT) and which often de-ballast directly overboard by gravity discharge, complicate BWMS selection. For these vessels, the selection of a suitable BWMS requires additional considerations. TST gravity discharge operations are incompatible with most IMO and USCG type approved BWMS.
To date, all UV-based BWMS require re-treatment by UV during discharge and most active substance based BWMS require neutralization (mandatory for compliance with the type approval certificate requirements) before discharging overboard. Retreatment (i.e., UV re-dose or neutralization) process requires the TST to be re-routed back to the BSWBT or ballast headers to perform retreatment during de-ballasting. Other alternative measures include selecting a BWMS that does not require secondary treatment, allowing overboard discharge of the TST or to install a dedicated BWMS for the TST. However, this might increase the capital and operating expenses due to additional equipment and associated components.
Heavy weather ballast for bulk carriers remains unclear today. The IMO BWM Convention does not allow untreated heavy weather ballast (HWB) to be discharged in waters of any Administration signatory to the Convention. During MEPC 70, the Committee agreed that HWB used for crude oil carriers was a MARPOL Annex I issue and would not be addressed within the IMO BWM Convention (MEPC). However, the same has not been rectified for bulk carriers using heavy weather ballast. The USCG allows discharge of untreated HWB to waters of the U.S. outside 12 nm and many signatory Administrations to the BWM Convention might allow similar discharges at some determined distance from land.
However, the need to treat HWB ballast could result in additional footprint and weight considerations for the BWMS retrofit. For some active substance-based BWMS, treating HWB will require additional chemical storage capacities (treatment and neutralization chemicals). Total energy consumption for HWB ballasted and de-ballasted may change the BWMS selection criteria. |
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