再摘取一个船级社规范，供参考：6.4 Companionways, doors and accesses on weather decks 6.4.1 Companionways on exposed decks are to be of equivalent construction, weathertightness and strength to a deckhouse in the same position and effectively secured to the deck.
6.4.2 Access openings in:
bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures; deckhouses or companionways protecting openings leading into enclosed superstructures or to spaces below the freeboard deck; and deckhouse on a deckhouse protecting an opening leading to a space below the freeboard deck
are to be fitted with doors of steel or other equivalent material, permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead and framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead, and weathertight when closed. The doors are to be gasketed and secured weathertight by means of clamping devices or equivalent arrangements, permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the door. Doors are generally to open outwards and are to be capable of being operated and secured from both sides. The sill heights are to be as required by Pt 3, Ch 11, 6.4 Companionways, doors and accesses on weather decks 6.4.5Pt 3, Ch 11, 7 Tanker access arrangements and closing appliances[/url] and Pt 4, Ch 9, 13 Access arrangements and closing appliancesPt 4, Ch 11, 1 General[/url] and the Rules for Ships for Liquid Chemicals, concerning access openings in tankers, chemical tankers and ore or oil ships. Double doors are to be equivalent in strength to the unpierced bulkhead, and in Position 1, a centre pillar is to be provided which may be portable.
6.4.3 Elsewhere doors may be of hardwood not less than 50 mm in thickness or of equivalent material and strength.
6.4.4 Fixed lights in doors in Positions 1 and 2 are to comply with the requirements for side scuttles as given in and Pt 3, Ch 11, 6.5 Side scuttles, windows and skylights 6.5.2[/url]. Hinged steel deadlights may be external.
6.4.5 The height of doorway sills above deck sheathing, if fitted, is to be not less than 600 mm in Position 1, and not less than 380 mm in Position 2.
6.4.6 Where access is provided from the deck above as an alternative to access from the freeboard deck, the height of sill into a bridge or a poop is to be not less than 380 mm. The same requirement applies to deckhouses on the freeboard deck. The sill height for doorways in a forecastle, if protecting a companionway, is to be 600 mm regardless of whether or not access is provided from above. If not protecting a companionway, the sill height may be 380 mm.
6.4.7 When the closing appliances of openings in superstructures and deckhouses do not comply with Pt 3, Ch 11, 6.4 Companionways, doors and accesses on weather decks 6.4.2, interior deck openings are to be treated as if exposed on the weather deck.
6.4.8 Where an access opening, in the top of a deckhouse situated on a raised quarterdeck, gives access below the freeboard deck or to an enclosed superstructure, the closing appliances in the surrounding bulkheads are not required to be gasketed, provided the raised quarterdeck is at least standard height, and the deckhouse is at least standard superstructure height.
6.4.9 The height of door sills may be required to be increased on ships of Type `A', Type `B-100' or Type `B-60' where this is shown to be necessary by the floatability calculations required by the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966.
6.4.10 Direct access from the freeboard deck to the machinery space through exposed casings is not permitted on ships of Type `A', Type `B-100' or Type `B-60'. A door complying with Pt 3, Ch 11, 6.4 Companionways, doors and accesses on weather decks 6.4.2[/url] may, however, be fitted in an exposed machinery casing on these ships, provided that it leads to a space or passageway which is of equivalent strength to the casing and is separated from the machinery space by a second weathertight door complying with ]Pt 3, Ch 11, 6.4 Companionways, doors and accesses on weather decks 6.4.2[/url]. The outer and inner weathertight doors are to have sill heights of not less than 600 mm and 230 mm, respectively and the space between is to be adequately drained by means of a screw plug or equivalent.
6.4.11 For a Type `A' ship with freeboards assigned greater than, or equal to, Type `B', inner doors are not required for direct access to the engine-room.
6.4.12 If internal access is provided from a wheelhouse in Position 2, or below, to spaces below the weather deck either directly or through other spaces, the opening should be protected by a hinged weathertight cover adequately secured, fitted on a coaming appropriate to its position, or by an equivalent arrangement, and the space adequately drained.
6.4.13 In way of a moonpool, where a working or platform deck is provided below the weather deck, openings in the surrounding bulkheads are to be kept to a minimum. Access or companionway openings are to be provided with weathertight closing appliances as for an exposed superstructure bulkhead, with 600 mm high coamings.
6.4.14 Where portable plates are required in casings for unshipping machinery, or for other similar reasons, they may be accepted provided they are of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead and are secured by gaskets and close spaced bolts at a pitch not exceeding five diameters.
6.4.15 The sill heights of accesses closed by covers which are secured by closely spaced bolts or otherwise kept permanently closed at sea will be specially considered.
6.4.16 Where permitted by the National Authority, companionway coaming heights may be reduced on ships engaged on protected or extended protected water service. Coaming heights are to be as high as practicable with a minimum height of 230 mm. Where the wheelhouse is on the freeboard deck, or located in the forward quarter of the ship's length, with internal access below, a weathertight cover, fitted to a coaming not less than 230 mm high, is to be provided for the access. Alternatively, storm covers are to be provided for windows in exposed positions. The wheelhouse is to be adequately drained.
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发表于 2018-3-7 14:39
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发表于 2018-3-8 07:54
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